Leveraging active-source seismic data in mining tailings: Refraction and MASW analysis, elastic parameters, and hydrogeological conditions

We applied active-source seismic method for the interpretation of elastic parameters in tailings facilities which is essential evaluating stability and response. The methodology uses different analysis methods on same dataset, i.e., conventional refraction (SR) to determine compressional-wave velocity (Vp) multichannel surface wave (MASW) estimate shear-wave (Vs). Seismic velocities conjunction with physics approach revealed interpretable data terms hydrogeological conditions. results determined empirical linear relationships between Vp Vs that are particular an unconsolidated media such as showed variability conditions influences response (Vp Vs) parameters. identified state condition at time survey. Bulk modulus K relates change hydrostatic stress volumetric strain was predominant 1.0−2.0 GPa. Young’s E low range 0.15−0.23 Poisson’s ratio values all sections were upper limit 0.37−0.49, meaning highly susceptible transverse deformation under axial compression.